The boldest and brightest of all constellations wheels across the south on February nights: Orion. It’s marked by the hunter’s bright belt of three stars, surrounded by a box of four bright stars.
One of the meekest and faintest constellations also wheels across the south on February nights. Caelum, the chisel, is due south in early evening. It sits directly atop the horizon for those at the middle latitudes of the United States, and a little higher for those farther south.
No matter where you are, though, it’s not much to look at – a few stars that are so faint that you need a dark sky to see them at all.
The constellation was created by Nicolaus Louis de la Caille. The French astronomer visited the southern tip of Africa in the 1700s. He made catalogs and maps of the southern stars. When he published his findings, he included 14 new constellations made from those stars. Most of them were named for scientific or artistic instruments.
La Caille named this constellation Caelum Sculptoris – “the engraver’s chisel.” Later, the name was shortened to just Caelum.
Its brightest star is actually two stars – a binary system about 65 light-years away. The main star is hotter and brighter than the Sun. Its companion is a red dwarf – a cosmic ember that’s not visible without a telescope. But even the bright star is barely visible – a pale dot in a pale constellation chiseled from the southern sky.
Script by Damond Benningfield