Scorpius and Sagittarius highlight July nights, scooting low across the south. Antares highlights the scorpion’s hook-shaped body, with teapot-shaped Sagittarius to its left. Under dark skies, the Milky Way rises from the teapot’s spout like steam. Meanwhile, the Big Dipper stands high in the north and northwest during the evening, with its handle to the upper left and bowl to the lower right.
The full Moon of July is known as the Hay Moon, Thunder Moon, or Apollo Moon.
Perigee July 13
Apogee July 25
Moon phases are Central Time.
A system of three orange stars is in the south-southwest at nightfall, not far to the lower right of the bright planet Saturn. 36 Ophiuchi looks like a single, faint point of light. It consists of three stars that are smaller and cooler than the Sun.
The Moon is “new” today, as it crosses the imaginary line between Earth and Sun. It will return to view as a thin crescent on Sunday evening, quite low in the west shortly after sunset.
Eltanin, an Arabic name that means “the serpent,” is the brightest star of Draco, the dragon, which is high in the north on summer evenings. Eltanin is as bright as the nearby North Star, Polaris.
Ophiuchus, the serpent bearer, passes high across the south tonight, above Sagittarius and Scorpius. Ophiuchus is the only one of the 13 constellations along the Sun’s path that is not a member of the zodiac.
Summer begins tonight in the northern hemisphere, when the Sun stands farthest north for the year — a moment known as the summer solstice. The season lasts until the September equinox, when the Sun crosses the equator from north to south.
Venus, the brilliant “morning star,” will stand to the left of the Moon at first light tomorrow, and about the same distance to the upper right of the Moon on Wednesday.
Summer arrives on Tuesday night, with the summer solstice. Tuesday and Wednesday will be the longest days of the year here in the United States — the greatest intervals between sunrise and sunset.
The timekeeper for the United States, the Naval Observatory, defines sunrise and sunset as the moments when the center of the Sun is physically 50 minutes of arc below the horizon, which is less than the width of your finger held at arm’s length.
Hydra, the water snake, slithers quite low across the southwest at nightfall. One of its treasures is the binary system V Hydra. Its main star is old and puffed up. It expels gas into space, which the second star grabs, then shoots out like cannonballs.
The last gasp of a dying star climbs the eastern sky on June evenings. The Ring Nebula is not far to the lower right of the brightt star Vega, which is about halfway up the sky as night falls. The nebula consists of the ejected outer layers of a once-normal star.
