Two stars that sound a bit scary peek above the southern horizon on summer nights. Together, they form the “stinger” – the end of the curving body of the scorpion.
The stars are Lambda and Upsilon Scorpii. Lambda is the brighter of the two. It’s also the more complicated – it consists of three stars.
The system’s details are a bit uncertain. That’s largely because its distance is uncertain. Estimates range from about 365 light-years to almost twice that range. Without a good measurement of the distance, it’s tough to figure out how big and heavy the stars really are.
We do know that the system consists of a tight binary – two stars that orbit each other once every six days – plus a third star that orbits the others every three years.
One of the stars in the binary is much bigger and brighter than the Sun, and 10 to 14 times the Sun’s mass. That means the star will end its life with a colossal explosion.
Its close companion is maybe twice the mass of the Sun. But it’s not yet fully formed. The distant companion is another big guy – roughly 8 to 10 times the mass of the Sun. If it’s at the high end of that range, then it, too, will explode as a supernova. If not, its fate is less certain. It could become a supernova, but it also might expire in a more gentle process – a fate similar to the Sun’s.
More about the scorpion tomorrow.
Script by Damond Benningfield