What is the difference between a morning star and an evening star?
A planet's "elongation" refers to its separation from the Sun in the sky, as viewed from Earth. When a planet's elongation is zero, it is aligned with the Sun and Earth, and is in a "conjunction." What many people call the morning or evening star is actually a planet, usually Venus but sometimes Jupiter, Saturn, or Mars. When one of them appears close to the Sun as viewed from Earth, sunset or sunrise watchers are treated to starlike brilliance of one of our planetary neighbors, which may be brighter than any of the true stars in the night sky. The distinction between "morning" and "evening" simply refers to the time at which the planet is visible.
Due to the orbital motion of planets around the Sun, a planet might be a "morning star" at one time of the year, and then later, as its orbit carries it behind and then to the other side of the Sun, it appears as an "evening star."
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